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What is CNC Machining?
CNC or computer numerical control machining is a widely used manufacturing process that uses automated high-speed cutting tools to form designs from metal or plastic raw materials. Standard CNC machine tools include 3-axis, 4-axis, and 5-axis milling machines, lathes, and routers. Operate CNC machine tools by programming tool paths based on the geometric shape of the final machined parts.
CNC machine tools can cut almost any metal alloy and hard plastic with high precision and repeatability, making custom machined parts suitable for almost all industries, including aerospace, medical, robotics, electronics, and industry.
CNC machining Tolerance At oepin
We have multiple CNC manufacturing capabilities and can meet a wide variety of needs.
1. Size
| Linear dimension |
+/- 0.025mm
+/- 0.001 inches
|
|---|---|
| Hole diameter (not reamed) |
+/- 0.025mm
+/- 0.001 inches
|
| Shaft diameter |
+/- 0.025mm
+/- 0.001 inches
|
| Part Dimension limit |
950*550*480mm
37.0 * 21.5 * 18.5 inches
|
2. CNC Machining Standards
| CNC Machining Standards (DIN ISO 2768-1(1991-06) | ||||||||||||||
| Tolerance class | tolerance(mm) | |||||||||||||
| Metal (ISO 2768-F) | Plastic (ISO 2768-F) | |||||||||||||
| 0.5 to 3 | Over 3 to 6 | Over 6 to 30 | Over 30 to 120 | Over 120 to 400 | Over 400 to 1000 | Over 1000 to 2000 | 0.5 to 3 | Over 3 to 6 | Over 6 to 30 | Over 30 to 120 | Over 120 to 400 | Over 400 to 1000 | Over 1000 to 2000 | |
| F | ±0.05 | ±0.05 | ±0.1 | ±0.15 | ±0.2 | ±0.3 | ±0.5 | ±0.05 | ±0.05 | ±0.1 | ±0.15 | ±0.2 | ±0.3 | ±0.5 |
2.1 General Tolerances For Shape And Position
| General tolerances for shape and position (DIN ISO 2768-2(1991-04) | |||||||||||||||
| Tolerance class | tolerance(mm) | ||||||||||||||
| Straightness and Flatness | Verticality | Symmetry | |||||||||||||
| 10 | 10 to 30 | 30 to 100 | 100 to 300 | 300 to 1000 | 1000 to 3000 | to 100 | 100 to 300 | 300 to 1000 | 1000 to 3000 | to 100 | 100 to 300 | 300 to 1000 | 1000 to 3000 | ||
| H | ±0.02 | ±0.05 | ±0.1 | ±0.2 | ±0.3 | ±0.4 | ±0.2 | ±0.3 | ±0.4 | ±0.5 | ±0.5 | ||||
| Material | Available Types & Grades |
| Aluminum |
Aluminum 2024 Aluminum 5052 Aluminum 5083 Aluminum 6063 Aluminum 6061 Aluminum 6082 Aluminum 7050 Aluminum 7075 |
| Brass/Bronze |
Brass C360 Brass 260 C932 M07 Bearing Bronze |
| Copper |
Copper C110 Copper 101 |
| Steel |
Alloy Steel 4130 Alloy Steel 4140 Mild Steel 1018 Mild Steel A36 |
| Stainless Steel |
Stainless Steel 17-4 Stainless Steel 18-8 Stainless Steel 303 Stainless Steel 304/304L Stainless Steel 316/316L Stainless Steel 416 Stainless Steel 420 |
| Titanium |
Titanium Grade 2 Titanium Grade 5 |
| Plastics |
ABS Nylon POM PEEK PMMA PTFE Polystyrene Polyethylene Polycarbonate |
| As machined | Description |
| As machined | Standard finish with a surface roughness of 1.6 μm (126 μin). |
| Smoothing | The standard smoothing surface roughness (Ra) is 0.8 μm (63 μin). |
| Painting | Spraying paint, pigment, or color to a solid surface as a colored protective layer. |
| Passivation | Remove ferrous contaminants or use a light coat of protective material to create a shell. |
| Powder Coating | A functional and decorative finish that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. |
| Anodizing | Type II (anodizing color or clear) or Type III (anodizing hard coat) |
| Polishing | Produce a smooth and shiny surface. |
| Black Oxide | Forming a black conversion coating on metal parts. |
| Bead Blasting | Removing surface deposits by applying fine glass beads at a high pressure. |
| Abrasive Blasting/Sandblasting | Smoothing and cleaning a hard surface by forcing solid particles across that surface. |
| Electroplating/Plating | Form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode. |
| Brushing | Polishing the metal with grit resulting in a unidirectional satin finish. |
| Chromate Conversion Coating | Increase the corrosion resistance while maintaining conductive properties. |
If you need unconventional materials and custom surface treatment, please contact us.
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1. Is My Part a Good Fit for CNC Turning?
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The following parts are a good fit for lathe machining:
Rotary parts with high precision requirements.
Rotary parts with complex surface shapes.
Rotary parts with lateral machining.
Ultra-precision and ultra-low surface roughness parts.
Parts with special threads.
2. How to Reduce the Cost of Machining Parts?
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The main costs related to CNC machining can be divided into machining time, start-up cost, material cost, and feature cost. To reduce costs, you need to understand the impact of these factors on costs.
- The best way to reduce machining time is to design features that can be processed quickly, such as by selecting the correct inner corner radius, reducing the cavity depth, increasing the wall thickness, limiting the thread length, and designing holes of standard size.
- The material cost can be reduced by considering the size of the required blank and the cost and machinability of bulk materials (softer alloys process faster).
- The best way to reduce machining time is to design features that can be processed quickly, such as by selecting the correct inner corner radius, reducing the cavity depth, increasing the wall thickness, limiting the thread length, and designing holes of standard size.
- The material cost can be reduced by considering the size of the required blank and the cost and machinability of bulk materials (softer alloys process faster).
3. What Parts Can Be Made with CNC Turning?
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CNC turning is used for creating a variety of parts, including auto parts, knobs, tubes, gears, toy parts, flywheels, crankshafts, hubs & disc cams. It is most often used to manufacture CNC parts online for automotive, aerospace, medical, and other industries.
4. What is CNC Turning Center - Difference Between CNC Lathes and CNC Turning Centers
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CNC turning center, the equipment or machines for CNC turning service, is a computer-controlled 3, 4, or 5-axis machine that has capabilities of turning, drilling, tapping, and milling, using live tools with powered rotary tool turret, dual spindles, Y-axis, and multiple turrets. While CNC lathe machine is simpler 2-axis with one spindle, basically composed of headstock, carriage, tailstock, and bed.
- CNC turning centers have more complex structures than CNC lathes.
- CNC turning centers have higher production capabilities and versatility than CNC lathes.
- CNC lathes are generally flat-bed type while turning center usually slant-bed type.
- There are only minimal protective enclosures around the lathe while the turning center is commonly equipped with full enclosures to keep chips and coolant splashes within the machine.
5. Heat Treatment of Precision Turned parts
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Heat treatments can be applied on precision CNC turned parts to improve their key properties such as hardness. Heat treatment can be applied to metal parts throughout the manufacturing process.
- Hardening: used to harden the material and make it stronger, also decreases the ductility.
- Annealing: heats metal parts to a very high temperature and then slowly cools to achieve the desired microstructure.
- Normalizing: used to relieve internal stresses that were created during machining service.
- Quenching: heating the metal to a very high temperature, followed by a rapid cooling step.
6. How to start my CNC machining project?
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The first step is to create a detailed technical drawing of the part. It should include all the critical dimensions, features and surface finishes required for the part. You can then export the drawing to a CAD file format (STEP, STP, STL, IGES) using CAD software.
Then, you simply send us the CAD file and we will immediately provide you with a quote and analysis to help you improve your part design.
Once you've reviewed the quote and confirmed each design specification, our expert technicians will begin your CNC machining project to bring your ideas to life.
Let's discuss your project , please click here.
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medical industry
Automotive industry
Marine industry
Agricultural industry
Machine tool industry
Military industry
High-tech industry
Food industry
Aerospace industry
Semiconductor industry
If you are looking for CNC machined parts that require precision machine tools, oepin can provide you with the best CNC lathe machining services.
Oepin will guarantee the quality of the CNC Machining process. Our quotes can be generated upon consultation.
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